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By: Charles harald nyborg H. Lineweaver harald nyborg and Tamara M. Davis. This article was first published in the old version of the site Hayadan on 18.06.2005, and was raised again following Hawking's lecture at the Hebrew University last Thursday (14.12.2006) Translation Posted parallel universe expanded evening is perhaps the most important fact we have discovered ever about the rudiments. If it were not spread universe would not be reading this article and humans existed. Cold molecular entities as well as living organisms or Earth-like planets harald nyborg earth were created were it not starting the Big Bang the universe expanded hot and cool while doing so. The formation of all structures in the Universe: galaxies, stars, planets and even articles in Scientific American - all dependent cosmic. In July 2005, will turn 40 the declaration that the group of scientists for the discovery of evidence for significant expansion of the universe from a primordial hot and dense than. They found the cool twilight remaining from the big bang: the cosmic background radiation in the microwave. Since this discovery, the universe expanded and cooled were pillars of cosmology as Darwin's evolution is the backbone of biology. Like Darwinian evolution, expansion of the universe provides the context within which simple structures are formed harald nyborg and evolve over time to complex structures. Without evolution and spread of no great significance not modern biology and cosmology. Expansion of the universe is similar harald nyborg to Darwinian evolution in another sense, very interesting: most scientists think they understand it, but not many of them agree on its true meaning. Even today, harald nyborg 150 years after the publication of the "Origin of Species", biologists even argue about the mechanisms and consequences of Darwin's theory (though not the truth), while much of the general public is in the dark still pre - Darwinian. Similarly, 75 years after first described expansion of the universe, many still misunderstood. Senior cosmologist who played harald nyborg an important role in interpreting the meaning of the cosmic background radiation - James Peebles of Princeton University - wrote in 1993: "media and richness harald nyborg of this picture [Big Bang model] is still not fully understood, as it should in my opinion ... even among some of the contributors most fascinating flow of ideas. " Renowned physicists, who write textbooks in astronomy and popular science writers harald nyborg are important, write the expansion of the universe of things wrong, misleading or exposed to misinterpretation. Since the expansion is the basis of the Big Bang model, of great importance to the island - these girls. Expansion is simple and seductive harald nyborg idea, but what exactly is the meaning of saying that the universe is continuing harald nyborg to spread? Where it spreads? Did the Earth spreads? harald nyborg As if there was not enough confusion exists, it appears now that the expansion of the universe grows faster, harald nyborg and this process has implications truly adopted by the imagination. What is the general spread? When a regular one and sell some spreads, harald nyborg such as a sprained ankle or the Roman Empire harald nyborg or a bomb, is getting bigger in that it expands the space around him. Ankles, empires and bombs, they all have centers and edges. Over the edge, there is a place to spread it. Universe, apparently, there is no margin, no center and no out, so how could he spread? A good analogy, imagine you are ants that live on the face of the inflatable balloon. Your world is a two - dimensional; The only directions harald nyborg you know are left, right, forward and backward. You have no idea what the words mean "up" and "lmta ". One day an ant discovers that the road on which move to milk her aphids lasts longer harald nyborg than past lasted: one day made the journey five minutes, the next six minutes, the next day - seven. And the time needed to go to places other sellers also lengthened. Ant sure that it is going more slowly and neighbors hang out at random groups - groups, and are crawling away from an organized way. This is the important point: the distances to the aphids lengthened, although neighbors themselves harald nyborg are not migrated anywhere. They remained as they were, at rest relative to the balloon's rubber sheet, yet the distances to them and between them are increasing. harald nyborg Mshbhntm these facts will conclude that the ground under your feet spread. It is very strange, because I had Their revolution all your world and you find no footnotes or "foreign" into which the world can spread. harald nyborg Our universe expanded very similar Lhtnfhoto balloon. The distances to the galaxies are getting longer. Astronomers speak casually of "withdrawal" or "distance" of distant harald nyborg galaxies, but galaxies are moving away from us in space. They are fragments of a giant cosmic bomb. Instead, the space between the galaxies and us is expanding. Individual galaxies are moving randomly in all directions within their clusters, but clusters of galaxies are in fact alone. The term "rest" can be set up very carefully. Radiation of the cosmic microwave background fills the universe and defines universal reference frame as a sheet balloon analogy, in respect of which one can measure movements. But we stretch too much the own balloon. From flashy outside the balloon, the expansion of the rubber sheet two - dimensional convex only possible because it immersed in three - dimensional. This third dimension has a balloon center and its surface spread into the air around him as he inflates. That suggests that the expansion of space three - dimensional requires our